Creating Your Own Internet HotSpot

Want to make your own hotspot internet from anywhere? or you have place such as restaurants, buses, car travel, and many more? Planning to provide service to internet access / free wifi hotspot? You can use this router tool 3G / ADSL / Cable.

This tool equipped with a USB 2.0 port for modem to the WAN port 3G / EVDO and ADSL / Cable Modem support. So you can access the internet from 3G / 3.5G / UMTS / HSDPA USB / ADSL / Cable Modem without the need to buy a new router or replace the appropriate internet connection. Very flexible right?

The tool is also work as internet hotspot auto switching. So it will switch atomatically into 3G / EVDO or WAN connection if one can not connect, ensuring uninterrupted internet connection. 3G Router has a signal 9 times more powerful than other 3G routers. With distances up to 1 km with 30 dBm output power.


It can access to multiple computers without cables / WAN. With speeds reaching 150 Mbps data transfer or 3 times bigger than the 11g models solutions. Not only as wifi transmitter alone, it can be the client / client mode to receive a wifi signal.


So if your computer / laptop have no wifi device, just plug the LAN cable then you can access the internet without buying a USB wifi / hotspot laptop devices. Versatility, right?


Can also be used as a repeater of wifi signal. If your wifi access signal is weak, you can use this tool to increase strong signal. Then your laptop will receive the excellent wifi signal.
Other advantage of this wifi connection :
- Wireless internet access.
- Equipped with a password, can be used to sell internet access. Like in the restaurants, cafes, coffee shop.
- Multiple SSID and bandwidth control, to control the bandwidth used by the user.
- Connecting Two LANs.

Note : Work tools hotspot access point can be made ​​directly with the ADSL connection, for example Speedy, Fastnet or Cable Modem. When you want to use 3G / 3.5G / UMTS / HSDPA / EVDO internet connection, you just need a USB modem.

Router Hotspot Air 3G II Type

Source : Toko One - Unique Gadget Specialist Store

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Microwave Transmission

Microwave transmission refers to a technology for transmitting information or energy through the use of radio waves, whose wavelengths conveniently measured in a small number of centimeters, these are called microwaves. This part of the radio spectrum ranges of frequencies of about 1.0 gigahertz (GHz) to 30 GHz. These wavelengths correspond to 30 cm to 1.0 cm.

Microwaves transmission are often used for point-to-point communication, because their small wavelength enables convenient antennas in narrow beams, which can direct be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows near microwave devices to the same frequencies used without interfering with each other, since lower frequency radio waves to do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of the microwaves from the microwave is a very large volume data-carrying capacity, the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of the rest of the spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation, they cannot pass around hills and mountains than lower frequency radio waves can.

Microwave radio transmission is typically using in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the earth, in satellite communications, and in the depths of space, radio and television reception. Other parts of the radio band are use for radar, radio navigation systems, sensors, and radio astronomy.

In order to use microwaves in narrow beams for point-to-point communication links or radio location (radar), a satellite dish is usually direct. This antenna uses a parabolic reflector to direct the microwaves. To achieve narrow opening angle, the reflector must be much larger than the wavelength of radio waves. The relatively short wavelength of microwaves allows reasonably sized dishes that show the desired high directivity for both the reception and transmission.

Microwave is a technology for transmitting digital and analog signals, such as long distance cellular systems, television programs and computer data between two points on a line of sight radio link. In microwave radio links are between the two locations with directional antennas, with a fixed radio link between the two points. The requirement of a line of sight limits the distance between the stations 30 or 40 miles.

Since radio waves confined in narrow beams to a line-of-sight path from one antenna to the other to travel, they do not interfere with other microwave devices, microwave links and close to use the same frequencies. Antennas are used, high directivity (high gain), these antennas in places as large radio towers, installed to be able to transmit over long distances. Typical types of antenna radio systems are used, parabolic antennas, dielectric lenses and horn-reflector antennas, which have a diameter of up to 4 meters. Very directional antennas provide an economical use of available frequency spectrum, in spite of long transmission lines.

A microwave link is a communication system including a beam of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to provide video, audio or data between two locations, which can be apart from a few meters or feet to several miles or kilometers to be transferred. Microwave links are often use by TV stations to program in a country, for example, or from an outside broadcast van to transfer back into the studio.

Characteristics of Radio Links

·         Obtain Line Of Sight (LOS) communication technology

·         Strongly Affected by the environment, including rain fade

·         Have very limited penetration capabilities through obstacles such as mountains, buildings and trees

·         Sensitive to high pollen count

·         Signals can be degraded Events during the solar proton

Uses of Radio Links

·         In communications between satellites and base stations

·         As the backbone carrier for cellular systems

·         In short-range indoor communications

·         Telecommunications, the combination of remote and regional exchanges for a larger super-exchange, without the need for copper / fiber optic cables.

TCP / IP Overview

TCP / IP  (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is the communication protocol for communication between computers on the Internet. 

It defines how electronic devices (like computers) should be connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them. Inside the TCP/IP standard there are protocols for handling data communication :

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications
• IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing

TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (browser) and your network software. It's responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.

IP takes care of the communication with other computers. It's responsible for sending the packets to the correct destination.

Each computer must have an IP address before it can connect to the Internet.

Each IP packet must have an address before it can be sent to another computer.

This is an example of IP address : 173.194.38.178

This address have the same IP address :  www.google.com

You can check an IP address using cmd by ping it

IP Address Consist of 4 Numbers.

Each computer have a unique IP address.

TCP/IP uses 4 numbers to address a computer. The numbers are between 0 and 255.

IP addresses are normally written as four numbers separated by a period, like this : 192.168.1.20.

32 Bits = 4 Bytes

In computer terms, TCP/IP uses 32 bits addressing. One byte is 8 bits. TCP/IP uses 4 bytes.

One byte can contain 256 different values:

00000000, 00000001, 00000010, 00000011, 00000100, 00000101, 00000110, 00000111, 00001000 .......up to 11111111.

Domain Names

A name is much easier to remember than a 12 digit number.

Names used for TCP/IP addresses are called domain names.

google.com is a domain name.

When you address a web site, like http://www.google.com, the name is translated to a number by a Domain Name Server (DNS).

All over the world, DNS servers are connected to the Internet. DNS servers are responsible for translating domain names into TCP/IP addresses.

When a new domain name is registered together with a TCP/IP address, DNS servers all over the world are updated with this information.

Some protocols used in the network :

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the network. It's responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.

IP - Internet Protocol

IP takes care of the communication with other computers. It's responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over the Internet.

HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HTTP takes care of the communication between a web server and a web browser.

HTTP is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server, returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client.

HTTPS - Secure HTTP

HTTPS takes care of secure communication between a web server and a web browser.

HTTPS typically handles credit card transactions and other sensitive data.

SSL - Secure Sockets Layer

The SSL protocol is used for encryption of data for secure data transmission.

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP is used for transmission of e-mails.

MIME - Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions

The MIME protocol lets SMTP transmit multimedia files including voice, audio, and binary data across TCP/IP networks.

IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol

IMAP is used for storing and retrieving e-mails.

POP - Post Office Protocol

POP is used for downloading e-mails from an e-mail server to a personal computer.

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

FTP takes care of transmission of files between computers.

NTP - Network Time Protocol

NTP is used to synchronize the time (the clock) between computers.

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP is used for allocation of dynamic IP addresses to computers in a network.

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP is used for administration of computer networks.

LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDAP is used for collecting information about users and e-mail addresses from the internet.

ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP takes care of error-handling in the network.

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol

ARP is used by IP to find the hardware address of a computer network card based on the IP address.

RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RARP is used by IP to find the IP address based on the hardware address of a computer network card.

BOOTP - Boot Protocol

BOOTP is used for booting (starting) computers from the network.

PPTP - Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

PPTP is used for setting up a connection (tunnel) between private networks.

Email

When you write an email, you use an email program like Lotus Notes, Microsoft Outlook or Netscape Communicator.

Your email program uses different TCP/IP protocols:

It sends your emails using SMTP

It can download your emails from an email server using POP

It can connect to an email server using IMAP

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

The SMTP protocol is used for the transmission of e-mails. SMTP takes care of sending your email to another computer.

Normally your email is sent to an email server (SMTP server), and then to another server or servers, and finally to its destination.

SMTP can only transmit pure text. It cannot transmit binary data like pictures, sounds or movies.

SMTP uses the MIME protocol to send binary data across TCP/IP networks. The MIME protocol converts binary data to pure text.

POP - Post Office Protocol

The POP protocol is used by email programs (like Microsoft Outlook) to retrieve emails from an email server.

If your email program uses POP, all your emails are downloaded to your email program (also called email client), each time it connects to your email server.

IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol

The IMAP protocol is used by email programs (like Microsoft Outlook) just like the POP protocol.

The main difference between the IMAP protocol and the POP protocol is that the IMAP protocol will not automatically download all your emails each time your email program connects to your email server.

The IMAP protocol allows you to look through your email messages at the email server before you download them. With IMAP you can choose to download your messages or just delete them. This way IMAP is perfect if you need to connect to your email server from different locations, but only want to download your messages when you are back in your office.

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